Loneliness ages the heart: understand how social relationships impact health

Traditional cardiology has always focused on blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar and lifestyle. In recent years, however, one factor has gained space in guidelines and clinical practice: the quality of social relationships.

People with little social interaction or a persistent feeling of loneliness are at greater risk of becoming ill and dying from cardiovascular causes. It's not just about behavior - there are biological mechanisms involved.

An invisible - but measurable risk factor
Population studies show that social isolation and loneliness are associated with a higher incidence of coronary artery disease, stroke and all-cause mortality. The risk does not just depend on "living alone", but on the perception of disconnection and lack of support.

This impact is independent of other factors and can add risk even in people with apparently controlled exams. In practical terms, it means that two individuals with the same clinical profile can evolve differently depending on the degree of social integration.

What happens in the body
Loneliness is not just an emotional state - it activates chronic physiological responses. Social isolation is associated with higher blood pressure levels and greater activity of the sympathetic nervous system, keeping the body in a state of alert.

Perceived loneliness is linked to reduced heart rate variability, a marker of less adaptation of the cardiovascular system to stress and more accelerated biological aging.

There is also an increase in inflammatory markers and a worsening of health habits, such as a sedentary lifestyle, irregular sleep and inadequate diet. This combination creates an environment conducive to the development of cardiovascular disease over time.

Prevention also involves bonds
Recognizing the role of social relationships expands the concept of prevention. In addition to controlling classic factors, taking care of cardiovascular health now includes aspects such as connection, belonging and emotional support.

Maintaining family ties, friendships, group activities and an active social routine can have a direct impact on heart health. This is especially true for the elderly, but is not limited to this age group.

Medicine begins to incorporate this perspective in a more structured way, understanding that health is not just the absence of disease, but balance between body, mind and relationships.

Loneliness doesn't show up in blood tests - but its effects show up in the body. And, increasingly, it is clear that caring for the heart also involves caring for the connections that sustain life.

*Text written by Prof. Dr. Carlos Alberto Pastore. cardiologist and Member of Brazil Health (CRM-SP 24.264)

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Source: CNN