Number of cases involving criminal factions grew 98% in 5 years, says CNJ

The number of cases involving criminal organizations and militias has almost doubled in Brazil in the last five years, amid advancing discussions on strengthening the fight against factions inside and outside the country.

Data from the National Organized Crime Panel, of the CNJ (National Council of Justice), show that new criminal actions registered in the first instance jumped from 1,700, in 2020, to 3,300, in 2025, equivalent to an increase of 98%. The first level of the Judiciary is the initial stage of processing an action before it is analyzed by the courts.

The increase also appears in the volume of criminal actions pending in the same instance, that is, awaiting trial. Between 2020 and 2025, the number increased from 5 thousand to 13 thousand cases, an increase of 155.9%, according to data from the CNJ.

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The CNJ monitors criminal actions under the Criminal Organizations Law, used to judge crimes committed by criminal organizations, including factions, militias and criminal associations.

If only this year's data is considered, 969 new criminal actions involving criminal organizations and militias were registered between January and April, according to the council. Another 13,400 criminal cases are still awaiting judgment - a volume higher than the stock of pending actions recorded in the entire year 2025.

US classification against factions
The increase in shares follows the growth of discussions about the classification and prosecution of criminal organizations in the country. Last week, the United States announced that PCC (Primeiro Comando da Capital) and CV (Comando Vermelho) will be classified as foreign terrorist organizations, a measure that will come into effect on June 5th.

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According to the North American government, the decision seeks to expand mechanisms to combat the financing and international activities of factions.

The measure, however, does not automatically change the legal framework of these groups in Brazil, since national legislation differentiates criminal organizations from terrorist groups.

Under the Brazilian Anti-Terrorism Law, terrorism requires ideological, religious, racial or discriminatory motivation, while factions such as PCC and CV are classified as criminal organizations aimed mainly at obtaining profit through illicit activities.

The Criminal Organizations Law establishes the criteria for identifying and punishing structured criminal groups that act in a coordinated manner. Under legislation, an organization is considered criminal when there is an association of four or more people who divide tasks and have the objective of obtaining an advantage through the commission of crimes.

Debate in the National Congress
The fight against organized crime has also gained space and strength within the National Congress. The day after the announcement that the PCC and the CV were classified as terrorist organizations by the United States, opposition deputies filed bills with changes to Brazil's legislation aimed at combating terrorism. In general terms, the proposals aim to reclassify terrorism in Brazilian territory and prohibit the entry of people linked to criminal organizations into the country.

In addition, legislation to combat crime in the country was recently changed through the Antifaction PL, approved by deputies and senators, and sanctioned by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) in March this year. The text expands mechanisms for financial suffocation of criminal organizations, toughens punishments and creates new tools to combat economic activities controlled by factions, such as illegal exploitation of services, clandestine trade and money laundering schemes.

The government also sent a PEC (proposed amendment to the Constitution) that discusses public security in the country. However, after being approved by the Chamber of Deputies, the text has been stuck in the Senate since March.

*Intern under the supervision of Mayara da Paz

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Source: CNN