AI identifies hidden side effects of weight loss pens

Researchers used artificial intelligence (AI) languages to classify symptoms of patients taking popular weight loss and diabetes medications, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, which are not reported in doctors' offices or on labels.

To reach their conclusions, a team from the University of Pennsylvania analyzed more than 400,000 Reddit posts written by about 70,000 users over more than five years. As a result, they discovered that some of the complaints registered on the platform were not present in clinical trials.

According to a study published in Nature Health, previously the difficulty in analyzing these posts on Reddit was due to the fact that many of them were described in different ways.

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"Clinical trials often identify the most dangerous side effects of medications. But they may not be able to identify which symptoms worry patients most; while social media is not necessarily representative, a large number of posts may reflect additional concerns," Lyle Ungar, professor of Information Systems and study co-author, said in a press release.

Some of the symptoms reported by users are irregular menstrual cycles, intermenstrual bleeding, chills, feeling cold, hot flashes, fever-like sensation and fatigue.

"This solution does not replace clinical trials, but it can be much faster. This speed is crucial when a drug goes from niche to mainstream almost overnight," said Sharath Chandra Guntuku, research associate professor of Computer and Information Science (CIS) at Penn Engineering and senior author of the study.

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Large language models, such as GPT and Gemini, allowed more than 400,000 posts to be analyzed, identifying symptoms that are not in the leaflets of medications such as semaglutide and tirzepatide.

In the future, the researchers want to expand the analysis beyond Reddit and English-speaking communities to compare results and see if there are similar patterns and alert doctors to side effects not reported by science.

Study: semaglutide preserves lean body mass better than tirzepatide

Source: CNN