Acnes in adolescence: why they appear and how to deal with them

In adolescence, the appearance of acne is practically a rite of passage. For many, the blackheads and pimples that appear, especially on the face, chest and back, are a source of discomfort and even low self-esteem. But why is this phase of life so marked by these changes in the skin?

The explanation lies in the intense hormonal changes that occur during puberty. The body starts to produce more androgen hormones, such as testosterone, which stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum - a type of natural skin oil. When this excess oil mixes with dead cells and bacteria, the pores become clogged, resulting in comedones (known as blackheads) and, in cases where there is inflammation, pimples.

"Acne generally becomes evident at the age of 12, but there are people who, at the age of 9, already begin to show lesions. It is estimated that 85% of people in the world, between the ages of 12 and 24, have already had acne, regardless of whether they are mild or severe. From the age of 25, the condition becomes lighter, but this does not mean that people aged 40 or, for example, do not have acne", explains Cristiano Kakihara, dermatologist.

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Although it is a common physiological phenomenon, acne can manifest itself in a variety of ways. There are those who have few injuries and can live with them well, but there are also more severe cases, with painful and inflammatory injuries that leave permanent marks on the skin. Genetic factors, unbalanced diet, stress and even inappropriate use of cosmetics can aggravate the condition.

"Some medications and supplements, such as corticosteroids, B12 complex and Whey Protein, can also lead to worsening cases of acne. Pollution itself can also lead to blocked pores and, therefore, adequate skin hygiene is so important. This also applies to makeup, which should always be completely removed before going to sleep", adds Viviane Scarpa, dermatologist.

Acne control starts with adopting a skin care routine. Daily cleansing is essential: you should wash your face twice a day, preferably with soaps suitable for oily or acne-prone skin. But you need to be careful, as washing your face several times a day can cause a rebound effect - when your skin feels dry and starts producing even more sebum.

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Another common mistake among teenagers is squeezing pimples. In addition to worsening inflammation, this habit favors the appearance of scars and blemishes. Instead, the ideal is to opt for products that contain active ingredients such as salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide or niacinamide, which help control oil and reduce lesions. These treatments, however, must be recommended by a dermatologist.

In addition to these precautions, the choice of cosmetics also makes a difference. Sunscreens and moisturizers must be oil-free and have non-comedogenic formulas - that is, they do not clog pores. Even oily skin needs hydration to keep its protective barrier balanced.

"Having a skincare routine, cleaning your skin and not wearing makeup is part of the guidance for all patients with acne. A dermatological consultation is important, as acne treatment is individualized and, the sooner we start treatment, the better it is, treating acne scars is more difficult than treating acne itself", explains Scarpa.

According to experts interviewed by the report, diets rich in simple sugars, dairy products and ultra-processed foods can worsen the problem. Therefore, maintaining a balanced diet, drinking plenty of water, sleeping well and controlling stress are strategies that also promote skin health.

"Acne is commonly associated with decreased self-esteem and depressive thoughts, as many patients feel excluded from social groups. This isolation greatly compromises patients' mental health.

Therefore, treatment must be started early and with effective medications and/or interventions", adds Kakihara.

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Source: CNN