Income Tax Guide: How to declare tax one week before the deadline

There is only one week left until the deadline for collecting Income Tax declarations for 2026. Until May 29th, Friday, taxpayers required to report have until 11:59 pm (Brasília time) to submit the reports to the Federal Revenue Service.

The government's expectation is that, in 2026, 44 million people will declare Income Tax. Of the total of this target, 29.4 million taxpayers have already submitted, with 62.9% being entitled to a refund on undue tax.

This Friday (22), the IRS released consultation on the amounts received back from declarants who, throughout 2025, paid more tax than they should have. The first payment will also be made on May 29th.

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According to the Tax Authorities, the Revenue predicts that this will be the largest batch of refunds ever paid, totaling R$16 billion in credits.

To make the query, the taxpayer needs to provide their CPF and date of birth and authenticate themselves on the Gov.br portal. However, only those who submitted their declarations on time and correctly are entitled to a refund. So, don't waste any more time and find out how, where and what to declare to the IRS.

Who is required to declare Income Tax
Some rules have changed regarding the obligation in 2026.

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With little time to declare, the most important thing is to pay attention to the details. This will make all the difference with the short time it takes to gather the necessary information.

It is worth noting that all situations of obligation refer to the base year of 2025. Thus, those who, throughout the reference period, declare:

- Received taxable income above R$ 35,584.00 (limit was R$ 33,888.00 last year); They had income above R$ 177,920.00 from rural activities (was R$ 169,440.00) or intend to compensate for losses;
- Have possession or ownership of assets worth more than R$ 800 thousand; entity controlled abroad by the individual;
- Had, on 12/31/2025, ownership of a trust governed by foreign law;
- Earned income/compensated losses in investments abroad;
- Had profits/dividends abroad.

Those who do not declare may have problems involving their CPF (Individual Taxpayer Registry) and the lack of information can put the taxpayer in a difficult situation.

In addition to these problems, the declarant may receive a fine that starts at R$ 165.74 and can reach up to 20% of the tax due. In addition to this, delay in delivery may also impede the payment of undue tax refunds.

How to declare
When identifying the obligation, the taxpayer simply needs to gather the necessary documents and declare their information to the Tax Authorities. Before actually delivering, have at hand:

- Identity document, CPF and proof of residence;
- Income report from banks and companies;
- Statement from the previous year;
- Proof of medical and educational expenses;
- Bank and investment statements;
- Private pension reports;
- Proof of purchase and sale of goods;
- Dependent data;
- Receipts for rent, alimony and other income.

With the receipts gathered, the declaration can be made through the Income Tax Program for Individuals, available online or as a download for Windows, Linux or Mac; and through the e-CAC portal in the "My Income Tax" tab.

Both paths lead to logging into your Gov.br account. After accessing the main page, simply choose between the pre-filled, new, simplified or complete declaration.

Fill in all the information below:

- Holder;
- Income;
- Payments or Donations;
- Assets.

Check all the information you filled out carefully. Then, choose the type of discount (legal or simplified), inform your bank account or Pix if you receive a refund and check if any fields are left blank or incorrect.

Deductible expenses
There is a strategy when submitting the 2026 Income Tax return that can increase your refund or reduce the amount of tax owed.

It is called deductible expenses, that is, expenses that can be removed or reduced from taxable income legally.

Therefore, declaring deductible expenses provided for in IR legislation can be beneficial for the final bill. According to legislation, the main categories of deductible expenses are:

- Dependents
- Health
- Education
- Pension
- Alimony
- Cash Book

In addition to these, the tax paid abroad, the tax withheld at source from Variable Income and the amount paid in Darf (Federal Revenue Collection Document) for additional tax and Carnê-Leão are also deductible.

Among those mentioned, medical expenses are among the most advantageous, as they have no deduction limit.

Consultations, exams, hospitalizations and surgeries can be fully deducted, as long as they do not have an exclusively aesthetic purpose.

Refund payment dates
After correctly declaring all information and expenses, the taxpayer simply waits for the payment of the Income Tax refund for those who have this right. In these scenarios, the Tax Authorities will settle accounts on the following dates:

- First batch: May 29th;
- Second batch: June 30th;
- Third batch: July 31st;
- Fourth batch: August 28th.

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The day of receipt also depends on the priority list defined by the Revenue. However, one of the main factors considered is the order in which the declaration is submitted. Therefore, the faster the taxpayer submits their reports, the faster they will receive payment.

What to do to get out of the fine mesh
However, there are cases in which the declaration can end up in the dreaded fine mesh due to inconsistencies in the information. In situations like this, it is important that the taxpayer corrects their information.

This can be done through the rectifying declaration, delivered directly through the Federal Revenue website or program and through the e-CAC portal. See how to perform the procedure:

- Access the e-CAC portal and enter the CPF, access code (generated on the website) and password;
- In the menu on the left, click on "My Income Tax";
- In the list of "IRPF Declarations", select the declaration that will be corrected;
- In the right corner of the screen, click on "Rectify Declaration";
- A copy of the original declaration will be displayed. Simply select the form to be adjusted and make the necessary changes;
- After completing, click on "Finalize Declaration" to send.

It is possible to rectify the 2026 Income Tax declaration as many times as necessary.

Be careful with scams!
One of the main tips for those who have not yet declared is: be careful with scams.

Since the beginning of the Income Tax season, more than 120 fraudulent websites have been identified, whose objective is to steal personal data and apply financial scams to taxpayers.

"The scammers start the scam by sending urgent messages to taxpayers via email, SMS or WhatsApp, pretending to be the Federal Revenue Service and claiming that something bad has happened with the declaration already submitted, or that the person's CPF has been compromised", says Fabio Assolini, from Kaspersky, about the modus operandi.

The anxiety about being free from the obligation, plus the alarming messages from cybercriminals, can result in losses for the taxpayer if attention is not paid.

For this reason, the Federal Revenue reinforces that it does not send messages with links to settle pending issues or request personal, banking and payment details via SMS or WhatsApp.

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Source: CNN